Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

对新旧版《公路工程勘察设计招标文件》编制的体会

文章通过新旧版招标文件对比发现,新版招标文件增加了投标人与其他单位资产关联、隶属关系框图,有效避免了投标人与招标人均为同一集团公司的下属公司及自行招投标的情况发生.     

Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina

The American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus has been introduced around the world, with invasive populations reported from almost all South American countries. A population of this species was introduced in the Calingasta department of San Juan province, which is an arid environment in western Argentina. This work provides information on the dietary composition of an invasive population of L. catesbeianus, and compares the degree of dietary overlap between adults and juveniles. Stomach contents of 169 bullfrogs (82 adults and 87 juveniles) were analysed. Adults consumed 40 prey taxa and Hymenoptera (Insecta) was the most numerous prey item (41.8%), followed by Araneae (13.6%) and Aeglidae (13.4%). Juveniles consumed 29 prey taxa and Hymenoptera constituted the highest percentage in prey number (77.2%). The trophic overlap niche index at the same level shows a value of 0.64 overlap in dietary community between adults and juveniles of this bullfrog. Aeglidae was volumetrically the most important trophic item (25.4%), followed by Anura (25.02%). Our results showed that cannibalism in bullfrogs is more common than the consumption of native anurans, coinciding with that reported in other populations of introduced bullfrogs. The high similarity in the diets of both size classes and the association between the size of the predator and prey suggest that the impact caused by bullfrogs throughout their ontogeny is high and probably has an impact on their prey. Freshwater crabs are the main items in the diet of Lithobates catesbeianus in other introduced populations and are usually the most conspicuous at our study site. The crabs in freshwater ecosystems are part of the lowest trophic level in the food chain. The major threats to the southern region’s freshwater crabs include deforestation, farming and exotic species. Lithobates catesbeianus has a generalist diet and high overlap between adults and juveniles.     

一类二阶具偏差变元微分方程反周期解的存在性、唯一性和不存在性

利用Schauder不动点理论研究了一类二阶具偏差变元的微分方程y″（t）=β（t）g（y（t-τ（t）））＋p（t）的反周期解问题,得到了保证π-反周期解存在性、唯一性、不存在性的一些条件.     

关于八一精神研究和八一文化品牌塑造的思考

南昌起义中产生的八一精神,是中国革命精神之源和红色经典文化之基。历史和现实证明,聚中华民族优秀文化和先进政党品质于一身的八一精神,是新民主主义革命、社会主义革命与建设、改革开放和实现中华民族伟大复兴的强大思想武器和精神动力。但由于种种因素,对同属红色文化范畴的八一精神研究和运用,却相对滞后井冈山精神和苏区精神,不仅与南昌起义和八一精神的历史地位、伟大意义和现实作用不相符合,而且极不利于科学把握民族文化和革命精神,特别是对红色文化和区域文化的全面、完整和深入地研究与运用。本文将围绕中国特色社会主义文化理论研究与运用的核心前沿问题,立足于马克思主义立场、观点和方法,纠正对八一精神的偏见与错误,阐述八一精神形成的科学解读、承继的战略意义、能量的释放路径和品牌的塑造环节。     

试论弘扬八一精神与创新高校国防教育

作为革命精神之源和红色文化之基,八一精神是人民军队之魂,是改革开放和平建设新时期国防建设的强大思想武器和精神动力,其核心内涵与高校国防教育价值体系具有高度的融合与统一。在高校国防教育中弘扬八一精神,对创新国防教育的教育目标、教育内容、教育手段等具有特殊的时代意义。     

山西省经济开发区发展水平实证研究

依据《2011年山西省统计年鉴》中的相关数据，对山西省内22个经济开发区的综合发展水平进行了分析与研究。根据因子分析法提取出了影响开发区发展水平的3个主因子；然后运用聚类分析法将山西省经济开发区按发展水平分成3类。最后，为山西省经济开发区发展水平的进一步提高提出了相应的对策建议。     

成型模修复残冠的临床应用

应用新创制的成型模修复残冠,比较成型模与成形片和成形夹分别充填银汞合金修复残冠的临床效果。用成型模对残冠（n=50）行银汞合金充填,分别就充填成功率、牙冠成形效果和咀嚼效率变化情况与成形片（n=50）进行比较。经连续观察,实验组的充填成功率（87%）、牙冠成形效果（89%）和咀嚼效率（8.56±4.10366）,而对照组分别是64%、61%和2.92±4.34856,两组疗效差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。利用成型模行银汞合金充填残冠效果优于利用最常用的成形片和成形夹行银汞合金充填残冠,是值得推广的治疗方法。     

APPLEⅡ的打印机自由格式输出方法

本文提出的打印机自由格式输出方法可以较好地解决APPLEⅡ微机SOFT—BASIC程序设计中的报表和资料的定位输出问题。     

用矩方程法研究外噪音对宏观态的影响

本文用求解矩方程的方法研究外噪音驱动的系统的随机行为。在小涨落的条件下推导出同这种系统的FPE对应的闭合的矩方程组,阐述了使用这种方法的计算法则,并用此法详细研究了几种常见的模型系统。